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AssetID: 31885090

Headline: 40th Anniversary: The Golden Records That Went Into Space

Caption: PICTURE SHOWS: The making of the Golden Records that were attached to NASA's Voyager twin spacecraft ... We approach the eve of the 40 year anniversary of the launch of two golden records into space. These long-player albums have a mission to communicate the story of our world to extraterrestrials - and one has already reached interstellar space. But do not expect to find out if E.T. works out how to play the records - NASA say will be forty thousand years before they make a close approach to any other planetary system. On 20 August and 5 September, it will have been forty years since the twin Voyager 2 and 1 spacecraft, respectively, were blasted off into space to explore our neighbouring planets - and the space beyond. Pioneers 10 and 11, which preceded Voyager, both carried small metal plaques identifying their time and place of origin for the benefit of any other spacefarers that might find them in the distant future. With this example before them, NASA placed a more ambitious message aboard Voyager 1 and 2, a kind of time capsule, intended to describe humanity and our world to alien lifeforms. The Voyager message is carried by a phonograph record, a 12-inch gold-plated copper disk containing sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth. The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University, et. al. Dr. Sagan and his associates assembled 115 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind and thunder, birds, whales, and other animals. To this they added musical selections from different cultures and eras, and spoken greetings from Earth-people in fifty-five languages, and printed messages from President Carter and U.N. Secretary General Waldheim. Each record is encased in a protective aluminum jacket, together with a cartridge and a needle. Instructions, in symbolic language, explain the origin of the spacecraft and indicate how the record is to be played. Music tracks ranged from Mozart's 'The Magic Flute' to 'Johnny B. Goode' performed by Chuck Berry (see full tracklisting below). The 117 pictures explaining Earth includes drawings and images that convey information about our solar system, images of people doing various activities and a variety of planets and animals, as well as scenes from around the world. The twin Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft are exploring where nothing from Earth has flown before. Continuing on their four-decade journey since their 1977 launches, they each are much farther away from Earth and the sun than Pluto. In August 2012, Voyager 1 made the historic entry into interstellar space, the region between stars, filled with material ejected by the death of nearby stars millions of years ago. Scientists hope to learn more about this region when Voyager 2, in the “heliosheath" — the outermost layer of the heliosphere where the solar wind is slowed by the pressure of interstellar medium — also reaches interstellar space. Both spacecraft are still sending scientific information about their surroundings through the Deep Space Network, or DSN. The primary mission was the exploration of Jupiter and Saturn. After making a string of discoveries there — such as active volcanoes on Jupiter's moon Io and intricacies of Saturn's rings — the mission was extended. Voyager 2 went on to explore Uranus and Neptune, and is still the only spacecraft to have visited those outer planets. The adventurers' current mission, the Voyager Interstellar Mission (VIM), will explore the outermost edge of the Sun's domain. And beyond. PLAYLIST FOR E.T. The following music was included on the Voyager record. Bach, Brandenburg Concerto No. 2 in F. First Movement, Munich Bach Orchestra, Karl Richter, conductor. 4:40 Java, court gamelan, "Kinds of Flowers," recorded by Robert Brown. 4:43 Senegal, percussion, recorded by Charles Duvelle. 2:08 Zaire, Pygmy girls' initiation song, recorded by Colin Turnbull. 0:56 Australia, Aborigine songs, "Morning Star" and "Devil Bird," recorded by Sandra LeBrun Holmes. 1:26 Mexico, "El Cascabel," performed by Lorenzo Barcelata and the Mariachi México. 3:14 "Johnny B. Goode," written and performed by Chuck Berry. 2:38 New Guinea, men's house song, recorded by Robert MacLennan. 1:20 Japan, shakuhachi, "Tsuru No Sugomori" ("Crane's Nest,") performed by Goro Yamaguchi. 4:51 Bach, "Gavotte en rondeaux" from the Partita No. 3 in E major for Violin, performed by Arthur Grumiaux. 2:55 Mozart, The Magic Flute, Queen of the Night aria, no. 14. Edda Moser, soprano. Bavarian State Opera, Munich, Wolfgang Sawallisch, conductor. 2:55 Georgian S.S.R., chorus, "Tchakrulo," collected by Radio Moscow. 2:18 Peru, panpipes and drum, collected by Casa de la Cultura, Lima. 0:52 "Melancholy Blues," performed by Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven. 3:05 Azerbaijan S.S.R., bagpipes, recorded by Radio Moscow. 2:30 Stravinsky, Rite of Spring, Sacrificial Dance, Columbia Symphony Orchestra, Igor Stravinsky, conductor. 4:35 Bach, The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 2, Prelude and Fugue in C, No.1. Glenn Gould, piano. 4:48 Beethoven, Fifth Symphony, First Movement, the Philharmonia Orchestra, Otto Klemperer, conductor. 7:20 Bulgaria, "Izlel je Delyo Hagdutin," sung by Valya Balkanska. 4:59 Navajo Indians, Night Chant, recorded by Willard Rhodes. 0:57 Holborne, Paueans, Galliards, Almains and Other Short Aeirs, "The Fairie Round," performed by David Munrow and the Early Music Consort of London. 1:17 Solomon Islands, panpipes, collected by the Solomon Islands Broadcasting Service. 1:12 Peru, wedding song, recorded by John Cohen. 0:38 China, ch'in, "Flowing Streams," performed by Kuan P'ing-hu. 7:37 India, raga, "Jaat Kahan Ho," sung by Surshri Kesar Bai Kerkar. 3:30 "Dark Was the Night," written and performed by Blind Willie Johnson. 3:15 Beethoven, String Quartet No. 13 in B flat, Opus 130, Cavatina, performed by Budapest String Quartet. 6:37

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